(續前篇)
| 適合一般專案及專案管理界。此文僅供個人參考與資訊喚回,尚非標準或官方內容。內文引用人工智慧平臺提供資訊,經由整合篩選與文字調整。後續修訂請查閱ISO的官方網站、洽詢各家專業公司、諮詢顧問等。 CC BY-SA 4。0。 |
3.63 專案治理project governance
principles, policies and procedures by which a project (3.61) is authorized and directed to accomplish agreed objectives授權和指導專案(3.61)實現規劃設定目標的原則、政策和程序。
補充說明:
「專案治理」,是從經營層面設計橫跨多個專案管理與控制機制的相關知識。目的在確保企業內形形色色目前運作中專案能夠在預定的時間、預算和品質範圍內完成。
3.64 專案生命週期 project life cycle
defined set of phases from the start to the end of a project (3.61)從專案(3.61)開始到結束所定義的一組階段。
專案生命週期是指專案從構想到完成所經歷的結構化流程,通常分為五大階段:啟動、規劃、執行、監督與結束。
3.65 專案管理project management
coordinated activities to direct and control the accomplishment of agreed objectives.指導和控制達成規劃設定目標的協調活動。
3.66 專案管理辦公室project management office
function or organizational structure facilitating the management of projects (3.61)
促進管理專案(3.61)的功能或組織結構。
3.67 專案經理project manager
person appointed to lead a project (3.61) team and to be accountable and responsible for a project’s agreed objectives.指派領導專案(3.61)團隊並對專案既定目標當責與負責的人。
3.68 專案計畫project plan
documented description of the technical and management baselines (3.4) to be followed for a project (3.61).文件化描述專案(3.61)應遵循的技術與管理基線(3.4)。
3.69 專案範圍project scope
authorized work to accomplish agreed objectives.授權工作以達成既定目標。
3.70 品質保證quality assurance
planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a process, measurement or service satisfies given requirements for quality.規劃且系統化的措施,以確保流程、測量或服務符合品質要求所需的充分信心。
3.71 品質管制quality control
assessment of specific results to determine conformity with relevant standards and to identify steps to eliminate unsatisfactory performance.評鑑具體結果以判斷是否符合相關標準,並找出消除不滿意績效的步驟。
3.72 剩餘風險residual risk
estimated level of risk (3.76) remaining after completion of approved risk response (3.80) actions.完成核准風險回應(3.80)措施後,剩餘的估計風險(3.76)等級。
3.73 資源加載resource loading
identification of the resources needed to complete the work identified for the project (3.61), programme (3.54),portfolio (3.46) or other related work.Note 1 to entry: It is often bounded by the hours available for personnel, contract terms and conditions, or material availability.
識別完成專案(3.61)、專案群(3.54)、專案組合(3.46)工作或其他相關工作的所需資源。
註1:通常受限於人事可用時數、合約條款與條件,或是實質可獲得性。
3.74 資源分解結構resource breakdown structure
decomposition (3.20) of personnel, equipment, material or other assets.人員、設備、物資或其他資產的分解(3.20)。
3.75 責任指派矩陣responsibility assignment matrix
documented structure that shows the allocation of delegated work responsibilities designated for the delivery of a scope or benefits (3.6).文件化結構,顯示分配工作職責以實現範圍或福利(3.6)的分配情況。
3.76 風險risk
uncertain event or set of events with a potential positive or negative impact.可能帶來正面或負面衝擊的不確定事件或一組事件。
3.77 風險保證risk assurance
processes and actions needed to provide the knowledge and confidence that the project (3.61) or programme (3.54) can deliver on the investment.提供專案(3.61)或專案群(3.54)能夠兌現投資之知識與信心所需的流程與措施。
3.78 風險分解結構risk breakdown structure
decomposition (3.20) of threats (3.90) and opportunities for a project (3.61) or programme (3.54)專案(3.61)或專案群(3.54)的威脅(3.90)與機會的分解(3.20)。
3.79 風險應變儲備risk contingency reserve
estimated funding for the management of identified risks (3.76)Note 1 to entry: It can be time or funds added to the schedule or budget baselines (3.4) to address risks.
預估資金以管理已識別出的風險(3.76)。
註1:此虛可以是時間或資金增加到時程或預算基線(3.4)中,以因應風險。
3.80 回應風險risk response
處置風險risk treatmentdocumented action in regard to an identified risk (3.76).
針對已識別風險(3.76)的文件化措施。
Note 1 to entry: Actions include preventive, mitigation, fallback and recovery actions.
註1:各類措施包括預防、緩解、後備及復原措施。
3.81 容忍風險risk tolerance
assessed and accepted threshold levels of risk (3.76) exposure that when exceeded will trigger a risk response (3.80).評鑑並能接受的風險(3.76)曝露閾值,一旦超過時會觸發回應風險(3.80)。
3.82 滾動波規劃rolling wave planning
form of progressive elaboration where planning is accomplished in phases or time periods.漸進式闡述形式,規劃分階段或時間段完成。
3.83 排程緩衝區schedule buffer
time inserted into the schedule at identified points to absorb unforeseen delays在指定時刻插入時間以吸收突發耽擱事項。
3.84 時程績效指標schedule performance index
measure of how close the project (3.61) or programme (3.54) is to completion compared to the approved performance measurement baseline (3.44)衡量專案(3.61)或專案群(3.54)與已核准的績效衡量基線(3.44)的完成間差距是多少。
3.85 專案發起人sponsor
person responsible for obtaining the resources and executive decisions to enable success負責獲取資源和執行決策以使專案成功的人。
3.86 專案利害相關者stakeholder
person, group or organization that has interests in, or can affect, be affected by or perceive itself to be affected by, any aspect of a project (3.61), programme (3.54) or portfolio (3.46)對專案(3.61)、專案群(3.54)或專案組合(3.46)的任何方面有利益或可能影響、受其影響或認為自己受其影響的個人、群體或組織。
3.87 策略聯盟strategic alignment
result of selecting and adjusting portfolio components (3.47) to contribute to accomplishing the strategic objectives of an organization組織為實現策略目標而加以挑選及調整專案組合的組合元件。
3.88 任務順序task order
documentation for specific services placed against an established contract.針對特定服務的文件化,須與既定的合約相符。
3.89 技術績效technical performance
measure of the results of functionalities or capabilities achieved for a project (3.61) or programme (3.54) during implementationNote 1 to entry: It may be incremental.
專案(3.61)或專案群(3.54)在實施期間,所取得的功能或能力的計量式結果。
註:此績效可能是漸增式的。
3.90 威脅threat
risk (3.76) occurrence that would have a negative impact可能產生負面衝擊的風險(3.76)事件。
3.91 分時階段預算time-phased budget
allocation of the cost to accomplish work over established periods of time or phases在既定的時間或階段完成工作的成本分配。
3.92 未分配預算undistributed budget
cost for authorized work that has not been distributed to a control account (3.14)尚未分配給控制帳目(3.14)的已授權工作的成本。
3.93 變異variance
difference between the baseline (3.4) and the actual performance基線(3.4)與實際績效的差異。
3.94 完成時的變異variance at completion
<earned value management> difference between the budget at completion (3.7) and the estimate at completion (3.25).《掙值管理》完工預算(3.7)與完工估算(3.25)之間的差異。
3.95 變異閾值variance threshold
prior agreed upon amount of difference to be allowed before an action might need to be taken. 事先約定的差額,快趨近於時可能需要採取措施。
3.96 工作分解結構work breakdown structure
decomposition (3.20) of the defined scope of a project (3.61) or programme (3.54) into progressively lower levels consisting of elements of work將專案(3.61)或專案群(3.54)所定義的工作範圍逐層分解(3.20)為更低層級工作單元而形成的結構。
3.97 工作分解結構字典work breakdown structure dictionary
document that describes each element in a work breakdown structure (3.96).描述工作分解結構中每個元素的文件(3.96)。
3.98 工作分解結構元素work breakdown structure element
work at a designated level of a work breakdown structure (3.96) that is either a parent element (3.43) or a child element在工作分解結構(3.96)的指定層級工作,可作為父元素(3.43)或子元素。
3.99 工作包work package
<project management or programme management> one or more groups of related activities that are within a control account (3.14)《專案管理或專案群管理》在管制帳戶(3.14)內的一組或多組相關聯的活動。
3.100 工作包work package
<earned value management> group of activities that have a defined scope, deliverable (3.20), timescale and cost《掙值管理》具有合宜定義出來的範圍、交付物(3.20)、時間表和成本的一組活動。
參考文件:
ISO 21506:2024
Project, programme and portfolio management — Vocabulary
專案、專案群及專案組合管理 — 術語
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