ISO 21384-4:2025
Uncrewed aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
無乘員航空器系統辭彙
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3.14
dual instruction time雙重指令時間
time during which a person is receiving instruction from a properly authorized remote pilot at the controls of the remote pilot station 特定的時間段,在該時間段,某個人員正接受由遠端操作站控制的具備適當授權之遠端飛行員指示。
3.15
elevation海拔高度
vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean sea level.從平均海平面測量一個點或平面的垂直距離,無論其懸垂或繫諸於地球表面。
3.16
eVTOL aircraft垂直起降航空器
electric vertical take-off landing aircraft電動垂直起降航空器
aircraft which is crewed or uncrewed (remotely or autonomously) operated and carries cargo or passengers or is used for aerial work.乘員或無乘員(遠端或自主)操作的航空器,載運貨物或乘客,或使用在空中作業。
3.17
extended visual line-of-sight延伸視覺直線
EVLOS
operation beyond the unaided visual range of the remote pilot, but where the remote pilot is supported by one or more visual observers (3.89) 3.18
external service外部服務
service and related provider, necessary for the safety of the UAS (3.83) flight, encompassing: 服務及相關提供者,為無乘員航空器系統(UAS)(3.83)飛行安全所必需,涵蓋下列事項:
- command and control link communication service provider (C2CSP); 指揮與控制鏈路通訊服務提供者(C2CSP);
- other operation support services (3.43), whose purpose is to support a single flight but not to manage traffic; 其他操作支援服務(3.43),其目的是支援單一飛行,但不管理交通;
- UAS traffic management (UTM) services無乘員航空器交通管理(UTM)服務。
3.19
flight duty period 飛行值勤期間
period which commences when the first remote crew member (3.55) reports for duty that includes a flight or a series of flights and which finishes when the last remote crew member’s duty ends. 3.20
flight manual 飛行手冊
manual, acceptable by the local aviation authority, containing the order of actions in normal, abnormal and emergency procedures, checklists, limitations, performance information, details of the aircraft systems. 經當地航空主管機關認可的手冊,內容包含:正常、異常及緊急程序的措施順序、檢查清單、限制狀況、性能資訊及航空器系統細節。
3.21
flight plan 飛行計畫
specified information provided to air traffic service (ATS) units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.提供給空中交通服務(ATS)單位的限定資訊,關於航空器的預定飛行或其中的一部分飛行。
3.22
flight route飛行航線
specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of UAS (3.83) traffic management (UTM). 3.23
flight termination system飛行終止系統
means and/or procedure triggered manually or automatically to initiate a pre-programmed action or a set of actions designed to terminate UA (3.80) flight, minimising risks to third parties.手動或自動觸發的方式及/或程序,以啟動預先設定的動作或一組經過設計以終止無乘員航空器(UA)(3.80)飛行的措施,將第三方風險降至最低。
3.24
flight time飛行時間
total time from the moment the on-board systems are activated with the intent to perform a flight, until the moment the on-board systems are de-activated. 從機上系統啟動執行飛行的那一刻起,到機上系統停用為止,總和的時間。
3.25
geo-limitation地理限制
entity that represents area surrounded by virtual boundary lines in the real world.現實世界中被虛擬邊界線包圍的區域所代表的實體。
3.26
geoid undulation大地起算水準面
height of the geoid relative to a given ellipsoid of reference.3.27
height above ellipsoid基於橢圓形體的高度
vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) ellipsoid.補充說明:
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縮寫 |
說明 |
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地理限制(Geo-limitation /
Geofencing) |
是無人機內建的軟體/硬體功能,利用GPS經緯度資料自動限制飛行範圍。當無人機接近或進入預設禁飛區(機場、人口密集區、軍事區)時,系統會自動發出警告、降低速度、強制返航或迫降。 EASA明確定義:提供無人機位置與空域限制資訊,並可實際限制無人機進入特定區域(Geo-Zones)。DJI等商用無人機的GEO系統就是典型範例。地圖上通常以紅色/黃色多邊形或圓柱標示限制區,無人機一靠近就「被圍起來」。 |
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大地起算水準面geoid undulation, N |
是地球「平均海平面」(MSL)的重力等位面,但因質量分布不均而呈波浪狀起伏。 WGS84橢球面則是數學理想化的平滑橢球(GPS使用的參考面)。 N 就是兩者之間的垂直差異(可正可負,全球範圍約 -100 公尺至 +100 公尺)。 這是「隱形的高度修正值」,無人機若忽略此項差異,飛行高度就會偏差數十公尺。 |
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基於橢圓形體的高度, height above ellipsoid, HAE |
GPS/GNSS衛星直接量測的高度:從WGS84橢圓球面到無人機的垂直距離。 這是原始GPS資料,但航空界與無人機實際需要的是「平均海平面高度」(Orthometric height / AMSL / H)。 |
圖3及4:地理限制:
3.28
heliport直升機港
aerodrome (3.1) or defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters of unlimited mass and performance [i.e. class C vertiport (3.88)].飛行場(3.1)或建築物上的設定區域,預期供未限制重量與性能的直升機之到達、出發及表面移動[即C級垂直港(3.88)]。
Note 1 : Vertiport is an infrastructure or system with supporting services and equipment intended for landing, ground-handling and take-off of crewed or uncrewed vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. Helicopters belong to the VTOL family.
註1:垂直港(亦稱【垂直起降機場】)是一種基礎設施或系統,配備支援服務與設備,旨在為乘員或無乘員垂直起降(VTOL)航空器進行降落、地面操作及起飛。直升機屬於垂直起降(VTOL)家族。
Note 2 : EASA Special Condition SC-VTOL-01 defines a vertiport as an area of land, water, or structure used or intended to be used for the landing and take-off of VTOL aircraft.
註2:EASA 特殊條件 SC-VTOL-01 將垂直起降機場定義為用於或擬用於垂直起降航空器起降的陸地、水域或建築物區域。
3.29
instrument approach儀器(協助型)進場
approach and landing operation using instruments for navigation guidance based on airborne, ground-based or satellite-based equipment or combination thereof利用基於空中平台、地面基站或衛星搭載設備、或任意兩者組合使用的儀器協助導航操作之接近與著陸操作。
補充說明:
圖7:ILS(儀器降落系統)示意圖,內容呈現多項專業細節:
- 跑道號與航向:跑道 24,航向道 242°;
- 下滑道角度:標準 3°,由下滑信標台發射;
- DME位置與距離:標示出 DME 6.0 海浬、DME 3.0 海浬等距離參考點;
- 定位台:外層(OM)、中層(MM)、內層(IM)定位台皆有標示;
- 航向道與下滑道:清楚呈現航向道延伸線與下滑道角度交會點;
- 飛機進場方向與偏移量:入口偏移、機頭方向、量值標示完整。
3.30
instrument flight time儀器(協助型)飛行時間
time during which a pilot is piloting (3.51) an aircraft (solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points.飛行員駕駛(3.51)航空器的時間,僅依照儀器協助,無外部參考點。
3.31
international vertiport國際垂直港
vertiport (3.88) designated by a state in whose territory it is situated, as a vertiport of entry and departure for international air traffic, where the formalities incident to customs, immigration, public health, animal and plant quarantine and similar procedures are carried out.3.32
in-time system-wide safety assurance及時的全系統安全保證
ISSA
safety net utilising system-wide information to provide alerting and to trigger mitigation strategies in time to address emerging risks. It is part of proactive safety management.3.33
intruder入侵者
aircraft within the surveillance volume (3.71) but outside the self-separation threshold.3.34
launch and recovery system發射與回收系統
system from which or by means of which an uncrewed aircraft (3.80) is launched or by which it is recovered.從該系統發射或回收無乘員航空器(3.80)的系統。
(未完,見續篇)








